Edward Arseniuk*
The overall purpose of the presented minireview is to show natural emergence of very destructive necrotrophic fungi from genera of Parastagonospora spp. and Zymoseptoria tritici known to infect grasses and cereal crops including winter wheat and winter triticale worldwide. The study of natural emergence of the fungal species was conducted in 8 different geographic locations of Poland. The experiments were done with 10 winter wheat and 10 winter triticale varieties planted to field plots of 10 m2 in a randomised block design. ln spring and early summer plants on the plots were assessed visually om emergence of diseases caused by the pathogens and diseased plant parts from each plot were collected for microscope inspection. The reason of the inspection was to determine by which pathogen plants were affected and how the dieseases progressed upwards on the cereal plants. Significant differences among the eight locations spread around the country were found. Zymoseptoria tritici was most frequently identified on the studied genotypes of winter wheat. On the other hand the most frequently isolated pathogen from different heights of winter triticale plants was P. nodorum. The incidence of P. avenae f. sp. triticea on both crops, wheat and triticale appeared to be much less frequently isolated from infected plant parts at different heights than that of Z. tritici and P. nodorum. The present research also aimed to prove statistically the impact of climatic factors on the natural emergence of the pathogens affecting green plant parts at various plant heights of winter wheat and winter triticale in Poland. However, the plant-pathogen-climate interactions were not proven statistically. The bunch of correlation coefficients, sometimes positive, sometimes negative were very low, thus making inferences about disease emergence at different plant heights appeared to be quite risky.
