The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the COVID-19 pandemic and emerged in late 2019 still lacks a vaccine, despite intensive research. One of the most pressing issues affecting global public health is this transmissible disease. Infection prevention and control measures involving supportive care, such as supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation, have been the sole focus of COVID-19 clinical management. In the meantime, research is going on to find a treatment that works to stop the virus from spreading, reduce symptoms, extend life expectancy, and lower mortality rates. Based on the body of clinical knowledge gathered from infected patients regarding the natural history and evolution of the infection, a number of drug classes, many of which are already used to treat other diseases, are being evaluated.
There is another general wellbeing emergency undermining the world with the development and spread of 2019 novel Covid (2019-nCoV) or the serious intense respiratory disorder Covid 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In December 2019, the virus was spread to humans in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, by unknown intermediary animals. Bats were the source of the virus. To date, approximately 3300 deaths and 96,000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) have been reported. The disease is spread through inhalation or contact with infected droplets and has an incubation period of 2 to 14 days. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and general malaise. Most people have a mild case of the disease; It may progress to pneumonia, ARDS, and multiorgan dysfunction in some people. A lot of people have no symptoms. The estimated rate of case fatalities is between 2% and 3%. Special molecular tests show the virus in respiratory secretions to make a diagnosis. Normal or low white cell counts and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) are common laboratory findings. Even in patients with mild disease or no symptoms, the computerized tomographic chest scan typically shows abnormalities. The majority of the treatment is supportive; The function of antiviral agents is still unknown. In hospitals, strict infection control measures, including droplet and contact precautions, and the isolation of suspected cases and mildly ill patients at home are both part of the prevention strategy. The virus kills fewer people than its two ancestors, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV. This new epidemic's global impact is still uncertain.
KeywordsVaccine; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Pneumonia; Respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; Transmissible disease; Oxygen; Mechanical ventilation
Published Date: 2023-03-01; Received Date: 2023-02-03
