Research Article - (2017) Volume 9, Issue 2
Jitendra Debata1*, Sundeep Kumar2, Sajal Kumar Jha1 and Amjad Khan1
1School of Pharmacy, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
2Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
*Corresponding Author:
Jitendra Debata
School of Pharmacy
Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, India
Tel: +918414202120
E-mail: Jitendra_debata@rediffmail.com
Received date: May 22, 2017; Accepted date: June 24, 2017; Published date: June 26, 2017
Citation: Debata J, Kumar S, Jha SK, Khan A (2017) A New RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of Dapagliflozin in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form.Int J Drug Dev & Res 9:48-51
A new, simple, selective, accurate, rapid and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique of Dapagliflozin was established as per ICH Guidelines. RP-HPLC was performed on a Waters C18, 5 µm particle size, 25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., with phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v as a mobile phase and a flow rate of 1.0 ml min-1. UV detection was performed at 237 nm. Total run time was 6.0 min. The retention time of Dapagliflozin was found to be 3.461 minutes. Validation of the developed method was done as per USP and ICH guidelines. Method validation revealed that the method is rapid, accurate, precise, reliable, and reproducible. Linear calibration plots were obtained in the concentration range of 10-60 µg/ml for Dapagliflozin. Limit of detection were 0.02 µg/ml and limit of quantification were 0.06 µg/ml for Dapagliflozin. The high recovery and low coefficients of variation confirm the effectiveness of process in the dosage form. The validated method was successfully used for quantitative analysis of commercial available tablets.
Keywords
Dapagliflozin; RP-HPLC; Method development; Method validation; Accuracy; Precision
Introduction
Dapagliflozin is a drug of the gliflozin class and it can be used to treat type 2 diabetes [1-4]. Dapagliflozin inhibits subtype 2 of the sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT2) which are responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Blocking this transporter mechanism causes blood glucose to be eliminated through the urine [5-7].
Dapagliflozin is chemically (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{4-chloro-3-[(4- ethoxyphenyl) methyl] phenyl}-6-(hydroxymethyl) oxane-3,4,5-triol. The molecular formula is C21H25ClO6. The molecular weight is 408.873 g/mol. Dapagliflozin [8] is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide, which should be purged with an inert gas. Soluble in Methanol and Dichloromethane.
The objective of the research work is to develop and validate a simple and accurate reverse phase chromatographic method to estimate amount of drug in dosage form.
The developed method successfully can be applied to estimate the amount of Dapagliflozin in tablet dosage form. The structure of Dapagliflozin was shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Calibration curve for Dapagliflozin.
Materials and Methods
Materials
HPLC grade water, Acetonitrile, Methanol, Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, ortho phosphoric acid obtained from Sd fine-Chem ltd, Mumbai. Dapagliflozin was provided as a gift sample by SUN Pharmaceuticals limited [Mumbai, India].
Instruments
The HPLC system employed was WATERS with Empower2 Software with Isocratic with UV-Visible Detector. The lambda max can be determined by ELICO SL-159 UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
Preparation of phosphate buffer
6.8 grams of Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate was weighed and transferred into a 1000 ml beaker, dissolved and diluted to 1000 ml with HPLC grade water. pH was adjusted to 2.9 with Orthophosphoric acid.
Preparation of mobile phase
Mix a mixture of above buffer 600 mL (60%) and 400 mL of acetonitrile HPLC grade (40%) and de gas in ultrasonic water bath for 15 minutes. Filter through 0.45 μ filter under vacuum filtration.
Standard solution preparation
Twenty tablets were taken and the average weight was calculated as per the method prescribed in I.P. The weighed tablets were finally powdered and triturated well [9,10]. A quantity of powder of Dapagliflozin equivalent to 100 mg were transferred to clean and dry 100 ml volumetric flask and 70 ml of HPLC grade methanol was added and the resulting solution was sonicated for 15 minutes. Make up the volume up to 100 ml with same solvent. Then 10 ml of the above solution was diluted to 100 ml with HPLC grade methanol. One ml (1 ml) of the prepared stock solution diluted to 100 ml and was filtered through membrane filter (0.45 μm) and finally sonicated to degas.
Sample solution preparation
25 mg of Dapagliflozin working standard was accurately weighed and transferred into a 25 ml clean dry volumetric flask. Add about 20 ml of diluents and sonicate to dissolve it completely and volume was made up to the mark with the same solvent which gave stock solution of 1000 ppm. Further pipette 1 ml of the above stock solution into a 10 ml volumetric flask was diluted up to the mark with diluents (100 ppm solution) [11]. Further 1 ml of prepared 100 ppm solution was pipetted into a 10 ml volumetric flask and was diluted up to the mark with diluents which gave 10 ppm Dapagliflozin working standard solution. The solution was mixed well and filtered through 0.45 μm filter.
Results and Discussion
Method development
Waters C18, 5 μm, 25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d. used as a stationary phase, whereas phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 used a mobile phase. pH can be adjusted to 2.9 with orthophosphoric acid and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection wavelength of 237 nm achieved the best separation of Dapagliflozin [12,13]. Standard solution of Dapagliflozin was prepared by using above procedure and the chromatograms were recorded (Figure 2). The retention time of Dapagliflozin was found to be 3.461 minutes.
Figure 2: Calibration curve for Dapagliflozin.
Assay
Average weight of twenty (20) tablets was taken as per I.P. The weighed tablets were finally powdered and triturated well. A quantity of powder of Dapagliflozin equivalent to 100 mg were transferred to clean and dry 100 ml volumetric flask and 70 ml of HPLC grade methanol was added and the resulting solution was sonicated for 15 minutes. Make up the volume up to 100 ml with same solvent. Then 10 ml of the above solution was diluted to 100 ml with HPLC grade methanol. One ml (1 ml) of the prepared stock solution diluted to 100 ml and was filtered through membrane filter (0.45 μm) and finally sonicated to degas. From this prepared stock solution 10 ml was transferred to clean and dry 10 ml volumetric flask and make up the volume up to the mark with same solvent [14,15].
An aliquot of this solution was injected into HPLC system and the observation was recorded. Same like only a duplicate injection of the standard solution was also injected into the HPLC system and the peak area was recorded. By comparing the peak area from the standard, amount of Dapagliflozin present in the tablet dosage form can be estimated (Table 1).
| Brand name of tablets | Labelled amount of Drug (mg) | Mean (± SD) amount (mg) found by the proposed method (n=6) | %Purity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forxiga tab (Astra Zeneca Pharmaceuticals LP.) | 5 | 5.16(±0.09) | 100.16%(±0.48) |
Table 1: Quantitative estimation of Dapagliflozin in tablet dosage form.
Method Validation
Linearity
The standard graph was constructed covering a concentration range 10.0-60.0 μg/mL (three independent determinations were performed at each concentration). Linear relationships between the peak area signal of Dapagliflozin and the corresponding drug concentration were observed which was evaluated by linear regression analysis [16,17] the results were represented in Table 2. The standard deviation of the slope and intercept were low shown in Figure 3. A typical calibration curve has the regression equation of y=47789x+14111 and the regression coefficient of 0.995 (Figure 3) for Dapagliflozin.
Figure 3: Calibration curve for Dapagliflozin.
| Conc.(µg/ml) | Mean AUC (n=6) |
|---|---|
| 10 | 542085 |
| 20 | 1114541 |
| 30 | 1649433 |
| 40 | 2099084 |
| 50 | 2527943 |
| 60 | 2949356 |
Table 2: Linearity data of Dapagliflozin.
Accuracy
The accuracy study was performed for 80%, 100% and 120% for Dapagliflozin. Each level was injected in triplicate into chromatographic system. The area of each level was used for calculation of % recovery [18]. Results demonstrates that the recovery of Dapagliflozin found to be in between 98.0% and 102% with less relative standard deviation (≤ 2%) (Table 3).
| Accuracy level | Concentration(mg/ml) | Area | %Recovery ofPure drug | Statistical Analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount added | Amount found | ||||
| 80% | 8 | 7.89 | 391355 | 98.625 | Mean= 99.4167% SD=0.970932 %RSD=0.976629 |
| 80% | 8 | 8.12 | 402314 | 100.5 | |
| 80% | 8 | 7.93 | 393121 | 99.125 | |
| 100% | 10 | 10.19 | 501102 | 101.9 | Mean=100.90% SD=0.888819 %RSD=0.880891 |
| 100% | 10 | 10.06 | 495216 | 100.6 | |
| 100% | 10 | 10.12 | 498213 | 100.2 | |
| 120% | 12 | 12.05 | 590213 | 100.49 | Mean= 100.2167% SD=0.553203 %RSD=0.552007 |
| 120% | 12 | 11.95 | 585231 | 99.58 | |
| 120% | 12 | 12.07 | 591245 | 100.58 | |
Table 3: Accuracy data of Dapagliflozin.
Precision
Repeatability: The precision of this method was checked by repeatability of injection, repeatability intermediate precision and reproducibility. Peak areas and retention times obtained by determining six replicates of fixed amount of drug [19]. The %RSD of Dapagliflozin was calculated and presented in Table 4.
| HPLC InjectionReplicates of Dapagliflozin | Retention Time | Area |
|---|---|---|
| Replicate-1 | 3.464 | 1015245 |
| Replicate-2 | 3.463 | 1032541 |
| Replicate-3 | 3.464 | 1065223 |
| Replicate-4 | 3.463 | 1021345 |
| Replicate-5 | 3.462 | 1045872 |
| Replicate-6 | 3.461 | 1021745 |
| Average | 3.46283 | 1033662 |
| Standard Deviation | 0.001169 | 18864.4 |
| %RSD | 0.033756 | 1.825017 |
Table 4: Repeatability data of Dapagliflozin.
Intermediate precision: The high values of mean assay and low standard deviation of the drug revealed that the proposed method is precise [20]. The results of intermediate precision were shown in Table 5.
| Conc. of Dapagliflozin(API)(μg/ml) | Observed Conc. of Dapagliflozin(μg/ml) by the proposed method | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intra-Day | Inter-Day | |||
| Mean(n=6) | %RSD | Mean(n=6) | %RSD | |
| 8 | 8.28 | 0.75 | 8.17 | 0.65 |
| 10 | 10.03 | 0.10 | 10.02 | 0.98 |
| 12 | 11.95 | 0.46 | 12.08 | 0.77 |
Table 5: Intermediate precision of Dapagliflozin.
Limit of detection and limit of quantification
Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) represent the concentration of the analyte that would yield signal to noise ratios of 3 for LOD and 10 for LOQ respectively [21].
To determine the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) serial dilutions of mixed standard solution of Dapagliflozin was made from the standard stock solution and prepared in replicates of three. The samples were injected in HPLC system and measured signal from the samples was compared with those of blank samples.
Robustness
Repeatability of sample application and measurement of peak area were carried out using three replicates of same concentration of standard and sample, respectively [22]. The results were shown in the Table 6.
| Change in parameter | %RSD |
|---|---|
| Flow(1.1ml/min) | 0.57 |
| Flow(0.9ml/min) | 0.59 |
| Temperature(27°C) | 0.24 |
| Temperature(23°C) | 0.27 |
| Wavelength of Detection(240nm) | 0.91 |
| Wavelength of detection(229nm) | 0.95 |
Table 6: Robustness data of Dapagliflozin.
Conclusion
A new, simple, selective, accurate, rapid and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique of Dapagliflozin was established as per ICH guidelines Finally the developed RP-HPLC method has excellent accuracy, precision and reproducibility.
The results suggested that developed method is suitable method for assay, purity which can help in the analysis of Dapagliflozin in different formulations.
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