Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Assessment, and Clinical Implications

Drug interactions, the alteration of a drug's effects by the coadministration of other substances, are a critical concern in modern healthcare. This research article delves into the intricate mechanisms that underlie drug interactions, the methods employed for assessing and predicting these interactions, and the far-reaching clinical implications that arise from them. As patients increasingly navigate complex medication regimens, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to possess a profound understanding of drug interactions to ensure patient safety and treatment effectiveness. This comprehensive review categorizes drug interactions into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, elucidating the mechanisms through which these interactions occur.

Pharmacokinetic interactions encompass alterations in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, often stemming from enzyme inhibition, enzyme induction, or drug transporter modulation. Pharmacodynamic interactions, on the other hand, encompass modifications in receptor binding, downstream signaling, and additive/ synergistic effects. The article critically assesses various methodologies for evaluating and anticipating drug interactions. In vitro studies utilizing human liver microsomes and recombinant enzymes contribute valuable insights into enzyme kinetics and inhibition. In silico modeling grounded in physicochemical attributes and molecular docking, aids in predicting potential interactions. Clinical trials provide real-world data on the interplay between medications.

Keywords

Drug interactions; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Enzyme inhibition; Enzyme induction; Personalized medicine; Patient safety interdisciplinary collaboration

Published Date: 2023-08-30; Received Date: 2023-08-01