Public health is a multidisciplinary field concerned with protecting and improving the health of populations through organized efforts, policies, and education. This article provides a comprehensive overview of public health, tracing its historical foundations, examining current challenges, and exploring future directions. It highlights the critical role of epidemiology, health promotion, environmental health, and health policy. Special focus is given to the impact of global health threats, health disparities, and the need for sustainable health systems. Finally, it proposes strategies to strengthen public health capacity and resilience in the 21st century.
Published Date: 2025-03-31; Received Date: 2025-02-01
