Leonard Fonkeng Sama*, Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu, Omer Bebe Ngouateu, Salomon Bonsi Tchuandom, Ousenu Karimo and Christopher B Tume
Background: This study aims to assess the impact of type 2 diabetes on pulmonary tuberculosis immune response.
Methods: Diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on positivity on the sputum smear and culture, whereas type 2 diabetes was diagnosed based on fasting blood sugar, 2-h Plasma Glucose (PG), oxidative method and glycated haemoglobin. Standardized techniques were used to obtain liver enzymes and lipid profiles, whereas ELISA cytokine assay system was used to measured plasma cytokines levels.
Results: Significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose (p<0.0001), 2-hPG (p=0.0097) and percentage of glycated haemoglobin (p<0.0001) were found in TB patients with diabetes as compared with TB patients without diabetes (p<0.05). Regarding lipid profile, higher total cholesterol (p=0.0093), serum triglycerides (p=0.0001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.0086) were noted among TB patients with diabetes, whereas High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was found to be significantly elevated (p=0.0002) among TB patients without diabetes. Tuberculosis and diabetes were linked by increased concentration of Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines. The increase levels of systemic cytokines were showed to be associated with the HbA1c levels among TB patients except for IL-6 where there was no association with HbA1c. A significant association (p=0.0001) was also found between IL-22 and IFN-γ plasmatic levels.
Conclusion: Our study shows an increase in cytokine response of TB diabetic patients, signalling that type 2 diabetes potentially participates in chronic in?ammation that increases pathology and low control of tuberculosis.
Published Date: 2025-01-15; Received Date: 2024-06-19
